Monday, January 3, 2011
How to Register an Online Business
How to Start Your Own Online Store
Starting Your Own Online Store
Starting Your Own Online Store
Sunday, January 2, 2011
No Financial Strategy Means a Strategy for Failure
If the financial strategy was expressed at a now defunct mortgage lender, what would it have sounded like?
Mortgage Lender CEO to Board of Directors and Executive Staff:
Okay – here is the plan folks. We are going to give people mortgage loans for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Before we write the checks let’s not do any due diligence by verifying their financial information like income and credit background, or even by making sure we have accurate information about what the home is worth. Just to keep it interesting, let’s throw in some curveballs like unrealistic low beginning payments followed by crippling rate increases and ballooning payments, no matter what the prime rate is doing. Then, when our lendees can’t make payments and foreclosures start skyrocketing, the bottom will fall out of the housing market. Once that happens hardly anyone will be buying and selling houses, no one will be getting loans, our cash flow completely dries up, and we will be out of business in no time.
Does that sound good to everyone??
Board of Directors and Executive Staff: Hear Hear!! Bravo!!
Mortgage Lender CEO: Alright! Let’s get out there and make it happen!!
It sounds kind of ridiculous when you say it out loud, doesn’t it? But what did they THINK would happen? Did these organizations not have any strategy at all?? Apparently they were thinking: let’s just keep writing loans and charging fees as long as there are people who want them. There was apparently no clear plan or vision regarding what these activities meant for the future of the organization. No strategy is a strategy for failure.
Strategy Management Incorporate Goals, Environment, and Risks
A clear strategy and plan not only incorporates goals and the activities needed to reach these goals, but it also addresses risks. Obviously, the risk of handing out loans for hundreds of thousands of dollars without the proper due diligence and transparency was not accounted for in managing the financial strategies of these organizations.
Of course the above scenario of formulating a horrible strategy never really happened, but that is the point. Having no strategy is really the equivalent of having the worst possible strategy. The same concept moves right up the chain from the mortgage sellers to the investment banks who were buying and selling credit default swaps that they couldn’t cover, and to investors who were buying bundled securities that turned out to be virtually worthless because the real value was indeterminable.
Business Success Takes Planning
Conversely, you can find examples of businesses in the financial industry where a well-thought out strategy prevented them from being another victim of the financial crises. Perhaps the most visible is Bank of America. Executives at this institution say that they made a conscious decision about eight years ago not to get involved with the sub-prime loan market. They just didn’t see how lots of risky loans fit their long term financial strategy. Now, while so many other financial businesses are facing catastrophe, Bank of America is strong enough financially to grow by snapping up bargains. Recent acquisitions include well-known organizations like Merrill-Lynch, MBNA, and Countrywide Mortgage.
Anyone who has ever watched It’s a Wonderful Life knows that the best time to buy is when others are panicking and selling. But, of course, you have to be in a position to buy; and that is usually the result of a well-thought out and managed financial strategy.
How important is a clear financial strategy? Apparently it can mean the difference between growing your business and going out of business.
Financial Strategies are the Starting Point of Internal Control
For strategies to be effective, however, they have to be communicated and implemented throughout the organization. That means operations in various departments at various levels have to create their own strategies and plans that align with, and execute, top level strategies. This is accomplished though training, policies, procedures, and implementing best practices – an excellent starting point for internal control.
One final point. Most businesses cannot survive on a good financial strategy alone. A good financial strategy, for example, doesn’t mean much to a business without customers. So thoughtful strategies must be created and implemented across the balanced scorecard: finance, customers, internal processes, and learning and growth.
There are never any guarantees for business success, but creating financial strategies gives your business direction and guidance. Without that, there is no telling where you will end up. Perhaps owned by Bank of America.
A Beginner's Guide to Investing
How much to invest?
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Your investment strategy will depend partly on how much money you want to put to work. A few options:
$50 a month or more, with no lump sum
It may not seem like a lot, but even small regular investments in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds can add up.
A lump sum of less than $10,000
You have more options in this range, as many mutual funds have minimum-investment requirements of $500 to $2,500. The key is to make sure all your eggs don't end up in one basket. Invest in five or six different types of mutual funds. If U.S. stocks aren't doing great, your holdings in international stocks or real estate may help keep your overall portfolio afloat.
The trick here is not to jump into the market all at once, potentially putting all your money in just before stock prices tumble. One approach: Put one-twelfth of your money into the market each month for a year, a technique known as dollar-cost averaging.
The one-fund option For some, one mutual fund is plenty to get started as an investor. This is the best option if you haven't got a lump sum to invest. Rather than spend your time cobbling together a full-blown investment portfolio, let a mutual fund company do the work for you. A number of fund companies offer one-fund solutions, which themselves own other mutual funds. Some companies even tailor the funds to your desired retirement age. Want to retire in 2030? You might consider the Fidelity Freedom 2030 (FFFEX) fund, which will keep more of your money in stocks now, when you can take on a little more risk, and put more conservative bonds in the portfolio as you near retirement. Our favorites are the targeted offerings from T. Rowe Price, which have solid performance records and charge reasonable fees. T. Rowe also will allow you to start investing with as little as $50, adding $50 more each month. Our favorites Fund name Ticker T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 TRRAX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 TRRGX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 TRRBX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 TRRHX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 TRRCX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 TRRJX T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 TRRDX
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Choose five mutual funds that will cover all your investing bases.
By investing in different size companies, various sectors of the economy, and other parts of the world, you reduce the chance that problems in any one area will sink your investing goals.
We've built a starter portfolio of funds. Our main criteria: Strong, consistent performance, low fees and a stable, investor-friendly management company standing behind the fund. You can build this portfolio with as little as $10,000 to start.
Starter portfolio | ||||||
Fund name | | Ticker | | % of portfolio | | Min. investment |
Vanguard Index 500 | | VFINX | | 30% | | $3,000 |
Vanguard Total Intl Stock Index | | VGTSX | | 20% | | $3,000 |
Third Avenue Small-Cap Value | | TASCX | | 20% | | $1,000 |
Harbor Bond | | HRBDX | | 20% | | $1,000 |
Alpine Realty Income & Growth Y | | AIGYX | | 10% | | $1,000 |
Beginner's Guide to Saving Money
The ROI
The ROI can also have a negative value if the investments suffer losses and the total return from an investment is less than the total expenditure behind the investment. A negative ROI value is an investor nightmare.
As is evident, the ROI formula is a simple formula that can give the investor a fair estimation of the profits (or losses) of an investment decision. However, it must be remembered that the simplicity of the formula makes it vulnerable to manipulations. What that means is that if the hidden values of an investment are not included in the return on investment formula then the formula will not be a fair estimation of the investments. Therefore, there is a high risk of being misled by the return on investment formula.
Whenever an investor is presented with a return on investment formula statistics, the investor should make sure that he or she properly verifies the sources of the different parameters of the formula. The total return on investment should include the most current statistics as investments never cease to function. A calculation of returns also requires an updated knowledge of the stock market conditions. The investments expenditure section is also a critical parameter of the ROI formula. Since an investment expenditure is made in different forms, so it must be made sure that all the different forms of investments are taken into account when calculating the ROI percentile. This is especially true when the investor is examining the ROI values of a corporate concern, because a corporate concern, by default engages in different methods of investment all of which are not disclosed for public scrutiny.
The use of the return on investment formula, if properly used, can be to have a fair estimate and comparisons of different investments decisions. In fact, the simplicity of the ROI formula enables homeowners and small enterprises to use the formula along with the corporate big names. The return on investment formula is especially a very efficient tool of a personal budget worksheet as the general investor can clearly make a decision about what to do and what not to do. The ROI formula can also be used to have a fair comparison of different investment strategies and to calculate the percentage of increment (or decrement) on an investment.
Finally, an important factor to be kept in consideration in the ROI calculations is that the time factor is not included in the formula. The time factor should be kept in mind while you are evaluating the return on investment formula percentages presented to you.
This is something you should be using before making ANY investment decisions.
Improving Financial Performance through Clear Objectives
While almost every business pays attention to financial performance, studies show that small and medium sized businesses in particular frequently do not engage in thorough financial planning – if at all.
This article covers an important aspect of using planning and the continually improving process approach to enhance performance – setting and reviewing objectives, then taking appropriate action.
Reviewing the Importance of Balance
If you read our email articles regularly, you may recall that I occasionally refer to Kaplan and Norton’s concept of a Balanced Scorecard. Interestingly, I recently heard someone discount the Balanced Scorecard during a business improvement presentation with the claim that there is no real balance in business; there has to be clear priorities.
Kaplan and Norton probably didn’t mean balance in an exact and literal way – that there has to be perfect balance in all areas of business. I believe their point is that to be successful a business needs to pay attention to, and work to
improve, all key business areas. They present a basic set of four segments: Customer, Learning & Growth, Internal Processes, and Financial.
According to Kaplan and Norton, many companies pay too much attention to, and guide their business disproportionately by, the financial aspects of their business. Too frequently, they also gauge success only by short term financial factors. Of course financial factors are important. Without financial success virtually no business will be around for long. On the other hand, financial success, no matter how great, will be short lived if a business is not paying attention to satisfying customers or its internal processes.
Financial Objectives Drive Financial Performance
As noted above, all companies pay attention to financial performance, sometimes too much so. But monitoring financial performance is a lagging indicator; it looks at results that tell you how you have done in the previous period. Obviously at that point it is too late to do anything to alter or improve the financial
performance. What really drives financial performance is setting SMART objectives based on clear goals, and then creating detailed action plans or strategies that will lead to the objectives being achieved.
Setting objectives that can be measured on weekly and monthly basis means you are measuring leading indicators of financial performance; numbers that indicate or predict what the end of period numbers will be. Leading indicators provide valuable information about financial performance, and they provide the opportunity to take corrective or improvement action instead of passively waiting to learn results when the period is over.
An Objective Example
For example, if your company has significant cash reserves in investment accounts, setting objectives followed with action plans can improve financial performance in this area. It allows you to actively affect performance instead of just accepting whatever return results happen to occur that year.
Let’s say you set an aggressive but realistic objective of a 5% annual return on account balances. The plan should call for a monthly review of account statements and of how well current account types and providers are helping you reach your objective. If current accounts are not meeting the objective, then the action plan would call for searching out and reviewing other account options in order to find accounts that would meet, or at least come closer to meeting, return objectives. If these accounts meet other criteria (such as insurance and convenience), then funds would be shifted to the higher return accounts.
As this example illustrates, using objectives, leading indicators, and action plans provide the kind of proactive approach that doesn’t leave results to chance. Plus, the same philosophy can be applied to all areas of finance such as cost of capital, days sales outstanding, and inventory turns.
Keep in mind, however, as the Balanced Scorecard approach emphasizes, financial numbers are not the only factor employed in driving a business. Numbers themselves do not mean everything. Consider our above example. If you have a great relationship with a bank and conduct most of you business there, it may not be worth moving a large money market account over one-tenth of one percent. (You may, however, want to mention to the account manager that a competitor is beating their rate.) If there is a more considerable difference that could lead to significantly missing an objective, then it calls for action.
Working Capital: Putting Your Financial Resources to Work
In the past few weeks we have been covering important elements of finance processes, including internal control systems as prescribed by Sarbanes-Oxley, and the importance of capital planning to ensure key high level financial facets such cost of capital and return on assets
have established goals and are being measured.
Our final topic on finance processes is about working
capital. Working
capital is the money it takes to run your business on a daily, weekly, and m
onthly basis. It is the money used to pay your suppliers for
materials and the money needed to pay for the goods and services (i.e. inventory and payroll) you have used while you wait for your customers to pay you.
There are three important areas that companies should actively manage
in order to get the most from their working capital. Here’s how they
are related:
working capital = accounts receivable + inventory – accounts payable
Accounts Payable
Accounts payable is perhaps the easiest process to control because i
t simply involves paying the bills. But paying bills shouldn’t just be left to chance; there should be clear policies and goals that direct these activities. But generally, when it comes to paying bills, The Golden Rule should apply. Treat others’ invoices as you wish others would treat your invoice. Basically, that means pay it on time according to the terms. There may be no advantage in paying early, but purposely paying late as a working capital management tool is unprofessional and can negatively impact your business.
You may think you are getting away with paying your bills late
, but in reality, if the organization y
ou’re paying late has their act together, then your delayed payment may eventually result in increased prices or reduced service levels. While you may be the customer, do you really want to run you business in a way
that elicits frowns and curses when your name is mentioned? Building such a negative reputation can have long term detrimental repercussions.
Ensure you policy states that payment will be made according to terms, with a goal of mailing payment five business days prior to the due date or having funds transferred on the due date for electronic payments (and a supporting measurement that clearly indicates performance in relationship to th
e goal). The accounts payable policy should also clearly state when invoices should be paid early.
Effective Annual Rate of Return
Is a 2% reduction in the invoice amount enough of an incentive to pay within 10 days? Typically it is, as paying early for a 2% reduction can result in a 37% return. The important issue is that accounts payable policies are well thought-out (in terms of overarching working capital goals) and followed through with objectives and measurements.
Accounts Receivable
The cash flowing into your business as a result of customers paying invoices is crucial in managing your business’ working capital. Your organization s
hould be actively measuring Days Sales Outstanding (DSO). DSO is the average number of days it takes to collect payment after the sale was made. Typically calculated as [(Accounts Receivable / Sales) X (Days)]. Days would be determined by
the period for which you are calculating DSO; for
example 30 if you cal
culate it monthly and 90 if you calculate it quarterly.
One key to managing Account Receivable is to remove delay in invoicing customers after shipment of an order or delivery of a service. These delays consume cash available as working capital. Set a goal to invoice custo
mers immediately after fulfillment. If it currently takes 10 days to invo
ice a customer, then the goal should be to do it in 5. If it currently takes 5 then the goal should be 2 days. Finding ways to reduce the DSO frees cash formally tied up in receivables so it can be used in ways that provides return and fuels growth.
Prompt invoicing is the most important method to reduce DSO. It is something you have direct control over, plus, why should customers be conscientious about paying your invoice in a timely way if your make little effort to send invoices promptly?
Inventory Management
Including inventory as a finance function sometimes causes confusion and skepticism. There is no doubt, however, that inventory consumes financial resources; whether in the form of purchased materials/parts, work-in-process, or finished goods. Those responsible for managing the company’s financial resources and performance should also have the ability to oversee and monitor all three types of inventory.
The purchasing representative might believe they are getting a good deal by buying one years worth of parts, and perhaps they are. But making such decisions impacts the overall financial resources consumed by inventory, especially when you include the cost of ownership.
The responsible financial authority should stay informed of inventory performance, and in response set clear policies and goals for reducing and managing inventory levels through metrics such as Inventory Turns (the number of times that a company’s inventory cycles or turns over per year), Days Inventory (the average number of days of inventory on hand per accounting period), Average Inventory (the starting inventory number at the start of a period minus the ending period inventory number divided by 2), and Cost of Ownership (the total cost of maintaining inventory such as warehouse space including utilities and maintenance, finance costs, personnel, equipment, shrinkage, obsolescence, and insurance).
The overarching goal should be to find ways to reduce all types of inventory while ensuring operational needs are being met. This, as with accounts receivable, releases cash tied up in non-productive means so it can be used to gain return or grow the business.
Managing the working capital processes is just as vital to business success as producing products and services that customers want and that fulfills their expectations. Businesses not actively managing their working capital may find an exorbitant amount of financial resources being consumed in unproductive ways such as growing accounts receivable amounts and hefty inventories.
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